Expressing concern over the matter, environmentalist BS Vohra on Tuesday told ETV Bharat that ETPs are vital for environmental conservation by treating industrial wastewater before it's released into nature.

 Expressing concern over the matter, environmentalist BS Vohra on Tuesday told ETV Bharat that ETPs are vital for environmental conservation by treating industrial wastewater before it's released into nature.

ETV BHARAT STORY:

Nearly 1,900 Industries Operating Without ETPs, Reveals MoEFCC Data

New Delhi: Around 1,900 industries are operating without effluent treatment plants (ETPs) across the country, data issued by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) shows.

As per Indian laws, industries that generate wastewater, especially those with hazardous or high pollutant loads, are legally required to install ETPs, which are essential for industries to adhere to environmental regulations by processing wastewater before its release.

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) mandates ETPs for all industries in the Red Category, which includes 17 highly polluting sectors like textiles, tanneries, pharmaceuticals, paper, chemicals, refineries, and distilleries.

In addition, many industries (moderately polluting) in the Orange Category, such as food processing, dyeing units, and metal finishing, also require ETPs based on effluent characteristics and local regulations.

According to the MoEFCC data, the total number of industries operating without ETPs across the country stands at 1,898. Out of these, Assam records the highest number, 795, followed by Gujarat, 366 and Haryana, 273.

There are a total of 69,854 industries which require ETP as identified by State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)/Pollution Control Committees (PCCs), out of which 67,956 industries have functional ETPs, as per the Ministry.

Action as deemed fit for the industries without ETP and non-complying with the standards has been taken by concerned SPCBs/PCCs as per the provisions of environmental laws, the data says.

Expressing concern over the matter, environmentalist BS Vohra on Tuesday told ETV Bharat that ETPs are vital for environmental conservation by treating industrial wastewater before it's released into nature.

"They help prevent water pollution by removing harmful chemicals and toxins, protecting rivers, lakes and groundwater. ETPs also safeguard aquatic life and public health by reducing contamination and disease risks. Additionally, they enable industries to reuse treated water, conserving freshwater resources. By ensuring compliance with environmental laws, ETPs support sustainable industrial practices and national initiatives like Namami Gange," Vohra added.

Environmentalist BS Vohra said Yamuna River is ecologically dead, largely due to the unchecked discharge of untreated industrial and domestic waste. (IANS)

He said, overall, ETPs play a key role in reducing pollution, conserving water, and promoting a cleaner, healthier environment.

The environmental expert asserted that the Yamuna River in Delhi is ecologically dead, largely due to the unchecked discharge of untreated industrial and domestic waste. Despite decades of government programs like the Yamuna Action Plan and Namami Gange, pollution levels remain critical, with zero dissolved oxygen, making it uninhabitable for aquatic life.

"Illegal dumping by industries and poor enforcement by agencies like the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) have exacerbated the crisis. Delays in establishing effluent and Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) reflect administrative failure. Without strict regulation, real-time monitoring, and political will, the Yamuna will continue to deteriorate, posing serious environmental and public health risks," he said.

Vohra said, "To address the 1,898 industries lacking mandatory ETPs, the government must enforce strict compliance with environmental laws. This includes imposing fines, shutting down defaulters, and conducting regular inspections. Real-time monitoring and public disclosure of violators will enhance accountability. Financial incentives and support should be offered to smaller industries to set up ETPs or join Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)."

According to Vohra, strengthening the capacity and accountability of pollution control boards, along with involving third-party audits, is crucial. A combined approach of regulation, technology, and transparency is essential to protect waterbodies and public health, he added.

BS Vohra, an environmental expert, said GIM has the potential to improve air quality by increasing forest cover across the country, but.....

 ETV BHARAT STORY:

Green India Mission Leads To Increased Forest Cover, But Question Over Long-Term Impact Lingers

Green India Mission Leads To Increased Forest Cover, But Question Over Long-Term Impact Lingers

New Delhi: The Green India Mission (GIM) had a substantial impact on the overall enhancement of forest and tree cover in India, the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) said.

Being implemented by the MoEFCC since FY2015-16, GIM is among the eight missions specified in the National Action Plan on Climate Change to safeguard, rehabilitate, and improve forest cover while addressing climate change through plantation initiatives in both forest and non-forest areas in the selected landscapes through Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs).

Notably, an amount of Rs 909.82 crore has been released to 17 states and a union territory for the creation of plantation/eco-restoration over an area of 15,5130 hectares.

India's forest cover has increased from approximately 7,94,245 sq km to 8,27,357 sq km, representing a net increase of about 3,31,12 sq km, as per the data issued by the MoEFCC. These gains are attributable to various afforestation and restoration initiatives, including GIM carried out at both state and Central levels, it said.

In states like Madhya Pradesh, the implementation of GIM activities commenced in 2018-19. To date, Rs 123.26 crore have been released for taking up afforestation/eco-restoration activities in 32,831 hectares under different sub-missions of the GIM. Afforestation activities have been undertaken in Katni and Panna districts through various schemes and implementing agencies. Under the Working Plan Implementation scheme, afforestation is being carried out on forest land in Katni, North Panna, and South Panna Forest Divisions.

To ensure the survival rate and growth, monitoring of plantations under the GIM is carried out through a multi-layered approach involving both state and Central level mechanisms. States/union territories conduct annual physical verification of plantation sites to assess the survival rate of saplings and document reasons for any observed mortality.

The state forest department takes corrective interventions, including focused maintenance drives, to address site-specific challenges regarding survival rate. As part of their annual progress reports, states submit digital files and geo-tagged photographs of plantation sites to the MoEFCC for centralised verification and monitoring.

It may be mentioned that the MoEFCC has undertaken initiatives to raise awareness and encourage participation of local communities, such as the promotion of the "Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam" campaign to foster emotional and community connection to tree planting.

Environmental Expert's View

BS Vohra, an environmental expert, said GIM has the potential to improve air quality by increasing forest cover across the country. "The GIM has the potential to improve air quality by increasing forest cover, which helps absorb pollutants and produce oxygen. However, its actual impact on controlling air pollution has been limited. Implementation has been slow, with minimal focus on urban areas where pollution is most severe. Moreover, major pollution sources like vehicular emissions, industrial activity, and stubble burning remain unaddressed by the mission. As a result, despite GIM's efforts, air pollution levels continue to rise," Vohra told ETV Bharat.

Controlling air pollution requires broader, multi-sectoral strategies beyond afforestation alone to achieve meaningful and lasting improvement in air quality, said Vohra, who has been fighting environment-related issues for years in Delhi.

Referring to the GIM, he said, "The GIM aims to enhance forest cover, restore degraded ecosystems, and promote climate resilience. While its objectives are well-intentioned, its impact has been limited, especially in ecologically sensitive regions like Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, where recurring disasters — landslides, floods, and cloudbursts — continue to wreak havoc."

Claiming that the implementation of the mission has faced significant delays, underfunding, and a lack of effective coordination between Central and state authorities, he said, "The actual afforestation and ecological restoration achieved so far fall short of targets, and monitoring mechanisms remain weak. Moreover, the mission has not adequately addressed issues like deforestation from infrastructure projects, unregulated urban expansion, and poor land-use planning, which are major contributors to the ongoing environmental crises in the Himalayan region."

"In both Himachal and Uttarakhand, fragile mountain ecosystems are under intense pressure due to unsustainable development. Roads, hydropower projects, and tourism infrastructure often ignore ecological considerations, leading to increased vulnerability to natural disasters. GIM's limited presence and poor integration with local communities and disaster management systems reduce its effectiveness," Vohra added.

To make a meaningful impact, Vohra said GIM needs better funding, community participation, real-time monitoring, and alignment with broader land and disaster management policies. "There must be a shift from symbolic tree-planting efforts to holistic ecological planning focused on long-term resilience, especially in vulnerable mountain states that are on the frontline of climate change."

For disaster-prone hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, the GIM must evolve from a tree-planting scheme to a holistic ecological resilience strategy, Vohra said. "The mission can play a crucial role in disaster mitigation if it focuses on restoring native forests that stabilise slopes, prevent soil erosion and regulate water flow. Avoiding monoculture plantations and promoting deep-rooted native species is essential for long-term slope stability," he added.

He wants the GIM to be integrated with land-use planning and eco-sensitive zoning to restrict development in vulnerable areas. Bioengineering methods, such as planting grass and shrubs on slopes, can reduce landslide risks. Implementing watershed-based afforestation can control runoff and minimise flash floods, he said.

Vohra asserted that community participation is key as local knowledge and involvement in forest protection enhance the mission's effectiveness, adding green belts along roads, riverbanks, and other infrastructure should be promoted to act as natural barriers against disasters.

"The mission must be aligned with early warning systems and local disaster management plans. By focusing on ecosystem restoration, climate adaptation, and risk reduction, the GIM can significantly contribute to making hill regions safer and more resilient to natural disasters," he added.

The environmental activist BS Vohra said real-time monitoring of water quality, deployment of surveillance technologies, and transparency through regular reporting are essential

ETV BHARAT STORY:

Monsoon Runoff Deepens River Pollution; Expert Calls for Urgent Government Action

www.etvbharat.com

New Delhi: The monsoon season, typically seen as a time for replenishing water supplies, is exacerbating pollution and causing environmental degradation.

While larger volumes of water may temporarily reduce the concentration of certain pollutants, they also enhance the river's capacity to transport waste, spreading contaminants over wider areas and affecting more communities and ecosystems.

Increased water levels may result in the erosion of riverbanks and the devastation of natural habitats found in riparian zones. It also poses a considerable risk to human life.

Notably, several rivers, including the Ganga and Yamuna, have already been struggling with the issue of pollution. Cleaning/rejuvenation of rivers is a continuous and dynamic process. As per the last report of the Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB) of 2022 on pollution assessment of rivers in the country based on water quality monitoring results, the polluted river stretches stood at 311.

Expressing concern over the matter, an environmental activist emphasised that the Central government must adopt a comprehensive and proactive approach to address this issue.

Speaking to ETV Bharat, BS Vohra said, "The increasing water levels in Indian rivers, particularly the Yamuna, may seem beneficial for replenishing water resources, but they often worsen pollution and environmental degradation. Heavy rainfall and frequent flooding contribute significantly to this problem."

He said runoff from urban, industrial, and agricultural areas carries a mix of pollutants—sewage, chemicals, plastics, and fertilisers—into rivers. This sudden influx deteriorates water quality and increases the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which can deplete oxygen levels and threaten aquatic life.

"Additionally, rising water levels can erode riverbanks and destroy natural habitats along riparian zones. This not only displaces wildlife but also disrupts breeding cycles and food chains, leading to long-term ecological imbalances. Nutrient-rich runoff may also trigger algal blooms, further choking aquatic systems and rendering the water unfit for human or animal use," the environmental activist said.

He said the rising water levels in Indian rivers, particularly during Monsoon seasons, are intensifying pollution and posing a serious threat to human health, ecosystems, and livelihoods. To effectively address this crisis, the central government must adopt a comprehensive and proactive approach.

Suggesting measures to address this issue, Vohra said, "Firstly, strengthening waste management is crucial. This includes upgrading sewage treatment plants, ensuring proper segregation and disposal of waste, and strictly regulating industrial effluents. Zero liquid discharge norms must be enforced for polluting industries, along with strict penalties for violations. Secondly, flood and stormwater management systems should be enhanced to prevent runoff of untreated waste into rivers. Creating green infrastructure and implementing floodplain zoning can help mitigate further damage."